In this study, the failure forms of 2A97 aluminum lithium alloy extruded profiles during heat treatment was investigated, the common failure forms and causes of aluminum lithium alloy profiles during the heat treatment production process was analyzed, and the targeted preventive measures before and after heat treatment was discussed. The failure mode analysis results indicated that using oil for lubrication and anti-corrosion, after heat treatment, was easy to form a rich C and O coating on the surface of the materials, forming a black morphology and potentially causing over burning. After the aging stability of aluminum lithium alloy profiles, the mechanical performance test results were closely related to whether the material underwent pre-stretching after heat treatment. Under the control of 1–2% pre-stretching amount, the tensile strength was increased to over 605 MPa, the yield strength was increased to over 535 MPa, and the elongation was still stable at over 7.1%.