Economic, political, cultural, and educational factors and increased population density have led to development and advances in science and technology over time. However, every action and progress had an impact. This chapter proposes to address the topic of nutraceuticals from two perspectives. First, we want to present a general overview of how technological advances, industrialization, globalization, and climate change have altered the quality of the natural foods produced, their consumption, the lifestyle and the consumer’s health. It has led to new challenges in creating and consuming safe food and the need for the population to live in a new way. In the background, the chapter seeks to promote the consumption of nutraceuticals by emphasizing their classification, the mechanism of action it has in the body, making known some conditions or disorders that are studied, using nutraceuticals as part of the treatment, as well as the different food groups where these elements are. It also seeks to publicize the most current techniques in extracting, producing, and purifying nutraceutical compounds. Within the natural sources of nutraceuticals such as plants, fruits, and vegetables, naturally, fermented foods, biomass, and algae will be exposed to sources that benefit health.