So far as the importance attached to agriculture is concerned, PhysiocracyPhysiocracy in eighteenth-century France and traditional Chinese thought are indeed very similar. This similarity is often the starting point of many modern scholars’ discussion and research of the influence of Chinese culture on the PhysiocratsPhysiocrat. The two systems of agricultural primacyAgricultural primacy, however, are also different, each representing a variety of production relations and social classes, which is a result of various historical conditions. What is then the specific role China’s ancient agricultural thought played in the formation of the relevant Physiocratic doctrines, at a time when the Chinese vogueChinese vogue swept through Europe? This questionQuestions is to be answered below from three perspectives: (1) the PhysiocratsPhysiocrat’ emphasis on agriculture, (2) their concept of net productNet product, and (3) their attitudes towards industryIndustry and commerceCommerce as are related to agriculture.