Challenges of Implementing Urban Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate Change in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

The contribution of urban areas to climate change is significant and accounts for approximately 70% of greenhouse gas emissions linked to energy consumption. Many people reside in urban areas, where the effects of global warming are starting to be felt. Urban areas possess the ability and duty to protect their citizens from the consequences of global warming while fostering resilient livelihoods and promoting the well-being of individuals, both mentally and physically. The research aims to explore the challenges associated with implementing EbA in urban settings in response to climate change. The opportunity to implement urban EbA practices to meet essential human needs and offer ecosystem services, such as recreation areas, stable food sources, cleaner air and water, and economic opportunities in urban green spaces, occurs when infrastructure is built, renovated, or updated. Nevertheless, there are several obstacles to adopting EbA, including a lack of government backing, inadequate institutional capacities, limited finances, a lack of decentralisation, and low levels of public participation. Although there is no one right way to solve complicated sustainability difficulties, it is critical to first determine the context and specific development challenge before considering the range of viable adaptation choices. Increasingly, multi-pronged approaches are being advocated. The chapter concludes that EbA is a more comprehensive adaptation strategy which should be included in planning, decision-making, and execution at all levels, from local to national. Helping communities develop urban EbA solutions to adapt and to make their neighbourhoods more liveable and climate resilient is vital for a sustainable future.