The high-speed railway provides a safe, punctual, and comfortable mode of transportation underpinned by stable infrastructure, fast trains, and dependable control systems. Implementing an appropriate maintenance schedule is essential for ensuring operational status and reducing the malfunction events of these systems. This study proposes a reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) strategy for high-speed railway facilities maintenance scheduling optimization. A reliability model is developed to characterize the multi-stage deterioration process of facilities, and a maintenance optimization model is put forward to minimize the maintenance cost by incorporating reasonable critical reliability with multi-level maintenance tasks. Two baseline models that typify current maintenance strategies are also formulated to illustrate the enhanced effectiveness of the RCM approach. The numerical example demonstrates that the RCM can significantly reduce maintenance schedule costs while simultaneously prolonging the lifespan of the facilities, all within the bounds of the same reliability constraints.