Under the background of deepening the reform of railway freight, to improve the market competitiveness of railway freight, it is necessary to combine its own resources, fully consider the needs of customers, and provide quality services. Based on the service resources provided by railway, this study considers the importance of intangible resources in the process of freight service, and summarizes the four dimensions of organizational resources, information resources, transportation service resources and market resources, and builds a service resource index system from the perspective of customer participation. Through the extension analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index is determined to optimize. The results show that the railway freight service needs to improve the transportation service capacity, optimize the organizational structure, strengthen the information transmission and personalized product provision.