The “one-bill coverage” of China-Laos railway multimodal transport is an effective way to promote the growth of bilateral trade between China and Laos railways, and it is an inevitable requirement for the construction of a modern comprehensive transport system. In order to enhance the efficiency and economic benefits of cargo transport on China-Laos Railway, this paper combines the current situation of freight transport on China-Laos Railway and divides the life cycle of “one-bill coverage” of China-Laos Railway multimodal transport into five phases: order submission, domestic consolidation, cross-border transport, foreign evacuation and order signing, etc., and builds a “one-bill coverage” covering all the links, such as loading, transport, transshipment, warehousing, connecting, and customs clearance. This paper can provide a reference for the development of “one-bill coverage” transport service of China-Laos Railway multimodal transport.