Given the current issues of packaging recycling difficulties and significant resource depletion, the closed-loop supply chain has developed as an environmentally friendly supply chain. To study the impact of government regulation measures on the recycling volume, overall efficiency, and total social welfare in a closed-loop dual-channel recycling supply chain, a Stackelberg game leader-follower model is established, with packaging manufacturers as the leaders, express delivery enterprises as the followers, and the government regulating different supply chain entities separately. The research shows that introducing a government reward and punishment mechanism into the closed-loop supply chain of express packaging can significantly change the current situation of difficulties in express packaging recycling, motivate express packaging manufacturers to actively recycle and reuse express packaging, and play a role in guiding express delivery enterprises to increase recycling prices, thus forming an efficient closed-loop supply chain for express packaging.