The chapter systematically examines various types of renewable energy resources and explains the current scenario of both nonrenewable and renewable energy sources, emphasizing the significance of renewable energy amidst global concerns regarding climate change and sustainability including wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), hydroelectric power, and tidal and wave energy. Each renewable energy type is explored in detail, with its technological advancements, potential for power generation, and associated challenges. For instance, wind energy discussions encompass onshore and offshore wind farms, while solar energy discussions delve into photovoltaic power plants and solar ponds. Biomass energy exploration covers combustion, cogeneration, and biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Similarly, geothermal energy production techniques and OTEC technologies are comprehensively analyzed. The paper also scrutinizes the status of renewable energy deployment, highlighting capacity growth, cost reductions, competitiveness, and the pivotal role of renewable energy in addressing global warming concerns. However, it also acknowledges challenges related to renewable energy development, including intermittency, grid integration issues, technological barriers, and the imperative need for energy storage and grid modernization. This chapter offers a comprehensive understanding of renewable energy sources, technologies, challenges, and policy frameworks, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders invested in advancing renewable energy transition in India and beyond. Furthermore, it examines government incentives, subsidies, and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) aimed at renewable energy adoption. It concludes by providing insights into current electricity policies in India, underscoring the importance of integrated approaches to sustainable energy development. In summation, this chapter offers a holistic understanding of renewable energy sources, technologies, challenges, and policy frameworks, catering to researchers, policymakers, industry practitioners, and other stakeholders invested in advancing renewable energy transitions globally.