Vascular Interventions in Endocrinopathies

Endocrinopathies often present challenges in diagnosis due to the limitations of morphological imaging like CT and MRI. Venous sampling is crucial in such cases. It helps differentiate between various sources of hormone production, such as pituitary vs. ectopic source in Cushing’s syndrome, unilateral vs. bilateral in primary hyperaldosteronism, and identifying the specific site of hormone-producing tumors in conditions like pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, hyperandrogenism, renovascular hypertension, and tumor-induced osteomalacia. This technique is particularly valuable when imaging findings are inconclusive or normal, making it an essential tool in the management of endocrinopathies. This chapter describe in detail the various vascular interventions performed in endocrinopathies.