Foundations of Inclusion: The Theoretical Landscape of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

This chapter delves into the theoretical landscape surrounding the rights of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) and their inclusion in society. It explores the evolution of thought on disability rights, tracing the journey from historical marginalization to contemporary advocacy. The chapter examines critical theoretical frameworks, including the Medical and Social Models of Disability, the Human Rights Approach, and Intersectionality. It also reviews international standards and national policies aimed at promoting PWDs’ rights and inclusion. The current landscape of inclusion in Vietnam is analyzed, highlighting successes and challenges in education, employment, and social participation. The chapter identifies barriers to inclusion, such as physical, attitudinal, and policy implementation gaps, and proposes future directions, including innovative approaches, policy recommendations, and the role of technology in enhancing accessibility and inclusion.