Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films for Smart Windows to Gas Sensors: Recent Advances and Development

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films have gained significant attention from both researchers and industry professionals due to their wide-ranging applications. Recent progress in PDLC technology has led to notable enhancements in performance, the exploration of innovative operating modes, and the expansion of application areas. This chapter begins with an introduction to the basics, historical evolution, and classification of liquid crystals (LCs), followed by an in-depth examination of PDLCs, covering their fundamental working principles, preparation techniques, and droplet configurations. Following this, the chapter systematically reviews the latest development in PDLC applications, including privacy windows and stimuli-responsive sensors such as gas and biosensors. By providing a thorough overview of the recent developments, the chapter highlights new fabrication methods, enhancements in physical properties, and the diverse applications of PDLCs, particularly in sensing and smart window technologies. It also discusses the potential for future advancements and the global commercialization of PDLC based technology.