In the existing studies on the origins of agriculture, it is rare to consider South China as an area in terms of cultural ecology with its own characteristics. More often, it is discussed together with the southwest or the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which brings obstacle to grasp the unique characteristics of cultural adaptation in South China. From the known archaeological materials, we know that rice agriculture in South China began no earlier than 3000 BC, which is three or four millennia later than the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but the archaeological materials also show that there were pottery vessels, perforated stone tools, grinding tools and other new features in this area as early as 15,000 years ago. This apparent anomaly is rarely noticed and explained.