Enhancement of the Geotechnical Characteristics of Stabilized Clayey Soil with Chicken Bone Powder Through Freeze-Thaw Cycles
摘要
The literature shows that incorporating wastes into clay can considerably enhance its mechanical properties. This research has suggested alternative waste disposal methods that could offer economic and environmental advantages. This research paper investigates the effect of freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles on clay soil stabilization and the enhancement of soil strength. Waste chicken bone powder (CBP) mixed with Portland cement (C) was adopted as a soil stabilizer. To study the geotechnical properties of clayey soil for a range of F-T cycles, a series of consistency limits, and unconfined compression tests were performed. Through F-T cycles, the results indicated that the liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), and plasticity index (PI) values decreased rapidly for treated samples in comparison to those cured at room temperature. The highest percentage reduction in LL was recorded as 27.37, 31, 34.02, and 37.37% for stabilized samples subjected to 3, 7, 17, and 28 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of the CBP-C-stabilized soil were found to increase continuously with the increase in F-T cycles. The strength at 28th cycles reached 9.25 folds compared to the UCS of the untreated samples. The treated soil samples at room temperature exhibit brittle behavior through the UCS tests. On the other hand, significant decreases in modulus of elasticity (E50) occur with the F-T cycles but remain above the initial value of untreated soil. After the experimental analysis, the tested treated soil will tolerate much bigger deformation. The study suggests that clay soils can be stabilized with CBP and C even in cold seasons.