Modular Multilevel Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) systems are increasingly recognized as the ideal solution for transmitting power over long distances from large-scale offshore wind farms (OWFs). However, offshore AC asymmetric faults pose significant fault ride-through (FRT) challenges for both OWFs and MMC-HVDC systems, particularly due to the involvement of power electronic converters on both sides of the fault. This chapter introduces a Multi-Stage Sequential Network Energy Control (MSNEC) strategy to tackle these challenges. The approach begins by clarifying the constraint relationships within sequence networks during AC asymmetric faults and explores how to maximize the energy control capacity of the WFMMC, focusing on energy transformation and transfer. The strategy reduces fault phase current amplitude by injecting submodules into the faulted phase while simultaneously introducing additional submodules into the non-faulted phase to achieve a series voltage-dividing effect, actively preventing overvoltage in the non-faulted phase. The MSNEC strategy thoroughly addresses FRT requirements across different stages: fault initiation, steady state, and recovery. It combines sequential network control, energy management, and voltage support from the converter station. The approach achieves AC asymmetric FRT through four key aspects: power equivalence, negative sequence suppression, energy control, and voltage stabilization. A simulation model of OWFs connected to the onshore grid via MMC-HVDC, implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC, validates the effectiveness of MSNEC. The results show that MSNEC not only enhances the AC asymmetric FRT capability of OWFs and WFMMC but also promotes efficient renewable energy utilization and improves the economic feasibility of OWF grid connections.

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Analysis and Mitigation Strategies of Fault Characteristics on the Offshore Wind Farm Side

  • Wei Yao,
  • Hongyu Zhou,
  • Yongxin Xiong,
  • Jinyu Wen

摘要

Modular Multilevel Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) systems are increasingly recognized as the ideal solution for transmitting power over long distances from large-scale offshore wind farms (OWFs). However, offshore AC asymmetric faults pose significant fault ride-through (FRT) challenges for both OWFs and MMC-HVDC systems, particularly due to the involvement of power electronic converters on both sides of the fault. This chapter introduces a Multi-Stage Sequential Network Energy Control (MSNEC) strategy to tackle these challenges. The approach begins by clarifying the constraint relationships within sequence networks during AC asymmetric faults and explores how to maximize the energy control capacity of the WFMMC, focusing on energy transformation and transfer. The strategy reduces fault phase current amplitude by injecting submodules into the faulted phase while simultaneously introducing additional submodules into the non-faulted phase to achieve a series voltage-dividing effect, actively preventing overvoltage in the non-faulted phase. The MSNEC strategy thoroughly addresses FRT requirements across different stages: fault initiation, steady state, and recovery. It combines sequential network control, energy management, and voltage support from the converter station. The approach achieves AC asymmetric FRT through four key aspects: power equivalence, negative sequence suppression, energy control, and voltage stabilization. A simulation model of OWFs connected to the onshore grid via MMC-HVDC, implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC, validates the effectiveness of MSNEC. The results show that MSNEC not only enhances the AC asymmetric FRT capability of OWFs and WFMMC but also promotes efficient renewable energy utilization and improves the economic feasibility of OWF grid connections.