This chapter presents the analysis and development of innovative high-speed asymmetric encryption methods specifically adapted to improve the security of data exchanges between low-orbiting aircraft and the ground. In the context of modern requirements for the transfer of large volumes of information in real time, traditional encryption methods are often unable to meet the needs for speed, while leaving security issues at the forefront. We offer an innovative approach that significantly increases the speed of data encryption without reducing the level of its security. An analysis of existing encryption techniques shows that many of them are either outdated or do not provide the required data transfer speed while maintaining a high level of security. Our research aims to explore algorithms that can operate effectively in the resource-constrained environment found in spacecraft, while still providing reliable protection against modern cyber threats. The chapter presents a comparison of the proposed method with other known solutions, highlights its key advantages, such as reduced data processing time and low resource intensity, and also discusses potential directions for further research in the field of cryptographic security of space systems.