In the second half of 2008, a newspaper article entitled “Wenchuan earthquake: a start of a new China” published by Southern Weekend on May 22 sparkled a nationwide debate over “universal values”. It was said in this article that “the country is fulfilling its commitment of universal values to its own people and to the world with actions. This is a turning point not only for the comprehensive renewal of the ruling concept but for China’s comprehensive integration into modern civilization.” Such a statement was under severe criticism because “universal value” was regarded as a universal principle and was improperly highly proclaimed. In fact, this debate has a philosophical background that goes beyond politics and ideology, that is, human’s understanding of value has shown signs of reflection and division revealed through practical judgements. Many “moral dilemmas” and “value paradoxes” in practice indicate that the traditional logic and way of thinking of value judgement can no longer effectively solve the value conflicts in the era of pluralist subject. Therefore, profound philosophical reflection and revolution are needed. Only by seeking new value concepts and ways of thinking can we face the rapidly changing reality and the future of mankind.