Spillways are the structures meant for controlling the incoming flood into the reservoir. Among various spillways, ogee is widely used one due to its better hydraulic characteristics. The discharging capacity of the spillway is the important aspect of the dam safety. It is governed by various factors like the profiles of the upstream, crest and the downstream of spillway, effective length of the spillway, design head, tailwater levels, etc. In addition to these, the approach flow conditions, either supercritical/subcritical, play crucial role in obtaining maximum discharging capacity of the spillway. When the spillway is located away from the main course of the river, an approach channel is to be excavated to divert the flow towards the spillway. It has the entrance in the reservoir and exit connected to the spillway. The approach channel alignment may be straight, curved or partially straight and partially curved. The spillway approach channel is frequently submerged with confined/unconfined boundaries and symmetrical/asymmetrical in layout. Proper alignment of approach channel minimizes the head loss by reducing the oblique flows towards a spillway and thus improves its discharging capacity and also ensures the safety of the abutments. The ratio of the height of crest above the bed level of the approach channel and the design head also influence the discharging capacity of the spillway. Moreover, the approach channel configuration influences the abutment contraction coefficient, the nappe profile and also the flow characteristics through the spillway and its stilling basin. The flow conditions in the channel get improved by its straightening, removing constrictions and by its widening. Excavation of auxiliary approach channel may also improve the discharging capacity of the spillway. But these conditions are site specific. Hydraulic model studies play substantial role in testing these kinds of layouts to find out an optimum layout that improves the discharging capacity of the spillway. Studies were carried out on a 1:140 scale model of spillway with straight, curved approach channel layouts, to improve the discharging capacity of the ogee spillway. Studies indicated that the straight and wider approach channel has better discharging capacity due to improved flow conditions in the vicinity of the spillway.

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Effect of Layout of Approach Channel on the Discharging Characteristics of Spillway

  • Vankayalapati S. Ramarao,
  • M. G. Muni Reddy,
  • K. C. Sahu

摘要

Spillways are the structures meant for controlling the incoming flood into the reservoir. Among various spillways, ogee is widely used one due to its better hydraulic characteristics. The discharging capacity of the spillway is the important aspect of the dam safety. It is governed by various factors like the profiles of the upstream, crest and the downstream of spillway, effective length of the spillway, design head, tailwater levels, etc. In addition to these, the approach flow conditions, either supercritical/subcritical, play crucial role in obtaining maximum discharging capacity of the spillway. When the spillway is located away from the main course of the river, an approach channel is to be excavated to divert the flow towards the spillway. It has the entrance in the reservoir and exit connected to the spillway. The approach channel alignment may be straight, curved or partially straight and partially curved. The spillway approach channel is frequently submerged with confined/unconfined boundaries and symmetrical/asymmetrical in layout. Proper alignment of approach channel minimizes the head loss by reducing the oblique flows towards a spillway and thus improves its discharging capacity and also ensures the safety of the abutments. The ratio of the height of crest above the bed level of the approach channel and the design head also influence the discharging capacity of the spillway. Moreover, the approach channel configuration influences the abutment contraction coefficient, the nappe profile and also the flow characteristics through the spillway and its stilling basin. The flow conditions in the channel get improved by its straightening, removing constrictions and by its widening. Excavation of auxiliary approach channel may also improve the discharging capacity of the spillway. But these conditions are site specific. Hydraulic model studies play substantial role in testing these kinds of layouts to find out an optimum layout that improves the discharging capacity of the spillway. Studies were carried out on a 1:140 scale model of spillway with straight, curved approach channel layouts, to improve the discharging capacity of the ogee spillway. Studies indicated that the straight and wider approach channel has better discharging capacity due to improved flow conditions in the vicinity of the spillway.