Overview of Cranial Deformity

The infant skull is composed of 8 bones not fused. As a result, external pressure from sleeping position and other factors can easily sift theire positons, leading to deformation known as “Positional Plagiography”. This deformation is observed in 20% of infants by 4 months of age, but it improves with growth, decreasing to 3% by 3 years. However, subsequent improvement is limited, and some deformities may persist into adultfood. In contrast, skull deformities caused by craniosynostosis are congenital disorders and must be diagnosed separately from positional deformities. Traditionally, positional deformity has been viewed primally as a cosmetic concern in adults. However, such deformities can potentially develop into facial bone abnormalities. Additionally, there have been reports linking deformities to neurodevelopmental outcomes. Therefore, skull defromities should be considered as an important early marker for neurodevelopment in children, making medical follow-up crucial for those affected. Positional skull defromity shoul not be regarded merely as a transient or cosmetic issue. The Japan Cranial Medical Examination and Treatment Society has pulished this handbook and encourage helthcare professionals involved in the diagnosis and treatment for children with cranial deformities.