This paper aims to enhance the efficiency of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) within an area of interest (AOI) by optimizing duty cycles. Focusing on a specific AOI divided into clusters, each with a dynamically selected cluster head, the study emphasizes establishing a time-synchronized duty cycle optimization protocol in the communication between cluster heads and the base stations. Unlike conventional approaches that randomly select nodes for duty cycle optimization, this paper introduces a method to identify the optimal cluster head (CH) of each cluster based on maximum remaining energy and a shorter distance from the Base Station (BS) to maximize the durability of the network. By introducing a time-synchronized Duty Schedule, the proposed methodology ensured that nodes that are not in use will enter a sleep mode, conserving energy. To ensure effective communication between the Data Centre and multiple Base Stations (BSs) of AOIs, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been also used. Through simulation and analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed duty cycle optimization method is evaluated, demonstrating its potential to enhance WSN performance in terms of energy efficiency, network longevity, and communication. This research contributes to advancing the design and operation of WSNs, particularly in scenarios where energy conservation and data transmission are paramount concerns. The suggested duty cycle model assures a 20.44% increase in the network’s lifetime as compared to other available studies.