India and China’s Approach to Transboundary River Pollutants and Their Impact on Human Health

The transboundary river pollutants between India and China have been a significant concern for both countries due to their shared river systems, including the Brahmaputra, the Indus, and the Sutlej. Various studies had been conducted to assess the level of pollutants and their impact on human health, the environment, and the economy. The significant pollutant is organic matter, such as sewage and agricultural waste. These pollutants cause eutrophication, which leads to oxygen depletion in the water and harms aquatic life. Additionally, plastic waste and other solid waste materials had been found in these rivers, contributing to water quality degradation. India and China had taken several initiatives to address the issue of transboundary river pollutants. Both countries had also initiated programmes to treat wastewater before discharge and to promote cleaner production technologies in industries. This paper will examine the need for greater cooperation and communication between the two countries to effectively manage the shared waters and suggest strategies to use new technologies to reduce pollution, and to examine how it has impacted human health.