Repurposing Lithium-Ion Batteries for the Household Context: An Industry Investigation in Norway
摘要
With the rapid increase in global electric vehicle sales, there is a growing concern about the large quantities of first end-of-life batteries that will require treatment in the near future. However, one potential solution to this issue lies in the utilization of second-life batteries for less demanding applications. By repurposing lithium-ion batteries, their lifespan can be extended, resulting in both economic and environmental advantages. The household context is seen as a potentially huge market for second-life batteries. This study tries to better understand the current state of repurposing batteries for household applications, by investigating repurposers within the Norwegian context. Three research questions are posed: (1) How is the Norwegian market for second-life battery energy storage systems (SLB ESS) in the household context developing? (2) What barriers are perceived to exist for repurposing LiBs for the household context? and (3) What are the perspectives for a further upscaling of second-life energy storage solutions in the household context? Findings indicate that the market is growing, with several offerings available. Through the material analysed, several barriers have been identified especially concerning safety, first end of life battery sourcing and price reductions of new battery cells amongst others. Future perspectives for an upscaling of the SLB ESS market are discussed and a lack of user perspectives addressed within the current market development is indicated. Finally, a set of research priorities through the lens of design research are proposed.