Inulin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide composed of fructose units linked by beta-2 glycoside bonds. It has been recently converted from a dietary fiber to an agent and revolution in pharmaceutical sciences. Due to its resistance to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and unique chemical properties, inulin makes it an emerging versatile component used in advanced drug delivery systems. The overview of the possible applications of inulin in modern medicine is also discussed in relation to its uses in controlled-release tablets, injectable microparticles, and mucosal delivery systems and, lastly, in liposomes. The prebiotic effects of inulin, its low energy density, and the enhancement of drug solubility and bioavailability are of high interest in the management of several diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and gut health. Controlled-release systems achieve gradual delivery; nanoparticle and hydrogel delivery provide opportunities for targeted delivery and good patient compliance. Other applications relate to mucosal delivery systems and liposomes, which enhance stability and drug release. Though it is very promising in nature, challenges persist in terms of its inherent sweetness in nonsweet applications and the need for cost-effective solutions for their manufacture. The effectiveness of inulin in targeted cancer therapy and personalized medicine is still being evaluated through ongoing research and clinical studies, thus underlining its potential capability with advanced drug delivery technologies. Emerging developments and future views on inulin-based drug delivery systems highlight its contribution to enhancing treatment strategies and patient outcomes via new and synergistic methods. Due to its natural biodegradability, flexibility, and adaptability, inulin may contribute significantly to shaping pharmaceutical progress.