Downstream Applications of Smart and Hybrid Nanomaterials

The biosensors have garnered significant attention owing to their remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, instantaneous data acquisition, and the real-time monitoring. Biosensors are being actively pursued by researchers to address the escalating demands and complexities inherent in a multitude of analytical domains. Nanomaterials have become essential elements in the design and construction of biosensors due to their special qualities that includes small size, high surface (area-to-volume ratio), and tunable surface chemistry which is ideal candidates for enhancing biosensor performance. The effectiveness of biosensing can be improved by the specialised functions and synergistic effects that smart and hybrid nanomaterials. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of fundamental of biosensors and coupled with an exploration of the integration of smart and hybrid nanomaterials within biosensor technology. Also highlights the significant role of nanomaterials and elaborates on their importance in overcoming different challenges that occur during the development and the biosensors applications. This chapter helps in understanding to the beneficial relationship between advanced nanomaterial engineering and biosensing techniques, which in turn pave the way to improved biosensor functionality and performance. Additionally, there is immense potential for revolutionising biosensing applications across several domains with the ongoing research and development in this field.