This chapter examines the critical role minerals play in the EV value chain. EV batteries rely on minerals like lithium and cobalt, but India faces a disadvantage due to the absence of domestic mines for lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese—essential for cathodes. While graphite is available for anodes, it requires processing to reach cell-grade quality, potentially utilizing steel by-products. Despite plans to source materials from Chile, Argentina, and Australia, India remains reliant on China for refined battery-grade materials, raising concerns about critical mineral security. Securing cobalt is particularly challenging. Solutions include investing in research partnerships and battery recycling to mitigate dependency.