Plant genetic resources are vital for crop development because they give the raw material for genetic variety as well as the raw material for genetic diversity, which is required for agricultural improvement. This makes plant genetic resources one of the most important factors in crop improvement. There are several collections of sponge gourd germplasm held by a variety of organizations located in various parts of the world. However, the contemporary interest in and understanding of the significance of crop wild relatives has resulted in a considerable rise in the number of wild Luffa accessions saved in gene banks, notably in India. This is the case despite the fact that the great majority of preserved sponge gourd accessions are of cultivated origin. The genetic resources of the sponge gourd may be protected via the use of molecular markers via convention breeding approaches as well as through in situ and on-farm approaches, which are especially suitable for wild and landrace material. It is beneficial to identify and use core collections and subsets in order to appropriately reflect gene pool diversity while using a manageable number of samples in the research. This is because the sheer magnitude of the Luffa collections throughout the world presents a challenge when attempting to conduct the research.