Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world’s most important non-cereal food crop, ranking third in terms of human consumption, behind rice and wheat, and is the most significant vegetable crop. Globally cultivated potatoes are mostly tetraploid and are propagated clonally. Despite the abundance of genetic variation in potatoes, only a few species have been included in the genetic improvement effort, including resistance to biotic stresses like late blight, viruses, and nematodes and processing traits, resulting in a narrow genetic base. Tetrasomic inheritance, heterozygosity, incompatibility barriers, and inbreeding depression hinder the proper introgression of quality and resistance or tolerance traits from wild species into cultivated potatoes. Potato varietal development requires a continuous flow of new genes and allelic diversity into its gene pool. For more stable potato production, conventional breeding approaches need to be complemented with advanced techniques in order to meet the growing food and nutritional needs. The use of molecular markers, a cisgenic approach, the identification of numerous sequences involved in multigenic traits, and simultaneous introgression into new cultivars with genetic and genomic tools is the need of the hour. Pre-breeding for the transfer of useful traits from wild species to cultivated-type parents must continue.