Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) is an important potential commercial crop with exotic status under Indian context. It is a valued salad crop after lettuce and celery and extensively used in the garnishing of food preparations in the Western counties and also gaining importance and popularity as high-valued crop in the Indian subcontinent also. The oil extracted from the leaves has also therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance. Nevertheless, very little systemic research initiatives have been devoted for genetic improvement of this crop including characterization of its genetic resources, their systemic utilization in the breeding program, and identification and utilization of genomic resources for quick and precise genetic improvement. In this chapter, the botany, nomenclature, and taxonomic treatments were thoroughly discussed. Besides, wild genetic resources, conservation of genetic resources, and their utilization are also reviewed. Literatures on breeding efforts including conventional and biotechnological tools also are collected, reviewed, and documented. The improved cultivar, along with their important traits, are also itemized here.