Knowing that both ‘Liangdao Man’ individuals were active on a small island in the Matsu Archipelago beginning more than 8000 BP, and having an understanding of the natural environment at the time and the likely sea-based livelihood of the group or groups they belonged to, we can surmise that both ‘Liangdao Man’ individuals belonged to the earlier maritime population groups of the Holocene southeast China coastal region.