Study on the Failure Process of Lithium-Ion Battery Cells: The Influence of Three Aging Methods on Failure Behavior

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are an advanced energy storage system widely used due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and high operating voltage. However, they face safety challenges such as aging effects during use. Over time, the capacity of the battery gradually degrades, and its performance declines. More critically, thermal runaway may occur due to internal short circuits, overcharging, and other factors. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of different aging paths (such as low-temperature cycling, normal-temperature cycling, and high-temperature calendric aging) on battery cell failure in terms of temperature and gas emissions. The results show that aged batteries exhibit milder reactions compared to new cells during failure, with lower reaction temperatures and gas emissions. These findings not only help improve battery design and manufacturing processes, enhancing safety and reliability, but also provide valuable references for the maintenance and management of batteries in practical applications.