Epoxy resin insulation materials are prone to scratches, cracks, and other micro-damage, which can lead to a decline in their insulation performance and pose a threat to the safe operation of the entire system. To address this issue, this article prepared a photosensitive microcapsule/epoxy composite material. When the material suffers micro-damage, the capsule breaks, and the repair agent flows into the damage channel. Using ultraviolet light as an external stimulus, it achieves active, non-contact, and efficient self-repair. The experiment introduced nano-TiO2 particles into the microcapsule shell, endowing the microcapsule with good ultraviolet light shielding performance, ensuring the stability of the photosensitive core material under normal conditions. The experimental results show that the prepared photosensitive microcapsules are full, uniformly sized spheres, with good heat resistance and ultraviolet light shielding performance, the introduction of 3 wt% microcapsules slightly increases the breakdown field strength of the epoxy resin, and after damage repair, the breakdown field strength of the material is restored to more than 95%.