With the high incidence of sleep disorders among patients, sleep issues have garnered significant attention. Currently, due to the side effects of medication and the treatment cycle, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) techniques are gradually gaining importance in sleep research. However, existing electrical stimulation research methods suffer from a lack of versatility due to their fixed frequency, which makes it difficult to address individual real-time conditions. This study proposes a neurofeedback-based transcranial microcurrent stimulation resonance therapy method based on the self-physiological feedback effects of the human body to external input signals and the principle of rhythmic wave resonance. By designing three experimental comparisons: pre-sleep neurofeedback therapy, mid-sleep neurofeedback therapy, and pre-sleep fixed frequency band stimulation therapy, and conducting closed-loop current frequency control on real-time electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring at different times, the study concludes that pre-sleep neurofeedback electrical stimulation effectively improves sleep quality compared to fixed frequency band stimulation during the treatment process, but the sustained effect after treatment is not significant. Mid-sleep neurofeedback electrical stimulation shows excellent performance in post-treatment follow-up experiments, with a 6% improvement in deep sleep duration compared to before treatment.