In order to meet the demand for green, low-carbon, and safe power supply on islands, a microgrid structure is proposed that integrates photovoltaic, hydrogen energy storage, supercapacitors, and gas turbine, all coupled to a DC bus. Considering the diverse response characteristics and power supply capabilities of different power sources, a coordinated control strategy is designed to address stable power supply under complex load patterns. The typical operating modes and dynamic response characteristics of the system are analyzed. Under normal conditions, the system relies primarily on photovoltaics and fuel cells for power supply, with fuel cells compensating for insufficient photovoltaic output. Electrolyzers cooperate with supercapacitors for energy storage. The gas turbine generator set serves as a backup emergency power source. Models of the gas turbine, photovoltaic, supercapacitors, and hydrogen energy storage system are established in Matlab/Simulink for performance simulations. The results show that the designed coordinated control strategy effectively allocates power through an energy management system, enabling prompt stabilization of the bus voltage under various operating conditions and sudden load changes. The maximum voltage fluctuation rate is 5.06%, meeting the stable operation requirements of island microgrids.