10kV magnetic permeability superconducting current limiter is the main application of super-conducting technology in electric power system. In order to realize the design of superconducting current limiting components, the mathematical model of magnetic superconducting current limiter is established here in combination with the system operating conditions. Analysis of the current limiting mechanism in different stages is called the trend of the characteristics of the superconducting current limiter. Construct the current limiter operation test circuit of the magnetic current limiter, measure the current waveform under different current limit conditions, and obtain the equivalent equation of the sensitivity characteristic of the current limiter and the changing law curve. The results show that: in the stable operation stage, the equivalent impedance of the current limiter is 0.13Ω; in the initial current limit stage, the operating conditions 1 and 2 are at 13.1% and 8.98% respectively; when the current limit is corrected, the current limiting rate They are 16.23% and 14.13% respectively, and the equivalent current limiting resistance is 1.667Ω. The structure and operating characteristics of the device provide theoretical basis and data support.