Social Entrepreneurship for Returning Filipino Indigenous Migrant Workers

Return migration has become a significant socioeconomic issue, affecting both returnees and their home countries. Although previous research has largely focused on the general experiences of return migrant workers and their entrepreneurial reintegration, few studies have examined the reintegration of Indigenous migrant workers and the potential of social entrepreneurship to address the Philippines’ development challenges of high poverty and inequality. To fill this gap, I investigate the sustainability of social entrepreneurship as a livelihood program for Indigenous Peoples. My study is organized around three main themes: the reintegration of migrant workers through entrepreneurship, the role of social entrepreneurship, and the specific reintegration of Indigenous migrants through social enterprises. My findings suggest that social entrepreneurship could be a viable alternative for the economic reintegration of returning Indigenous migrant workers.