Impact of Environmental Factors on Microbial Association with Plant

Plants and microorganisms are integral to ecosystems, engaging in diverse and complex interactions. These interactions are vital in plant-associated habitats such as the phyllosphere, endosphere, and especially the rhizosphere, which is crucial for plant health. Rhizosphere microbiome facilitates essential plant processes, including germination, water uptake, growth promotion, and hormone regulation. However, environmental factors like temperature, moisture, pH, salinity, and soil structure play a key role in shaping microbial communities and influencing plant–microbe interactions. Changes in soil microbial dynamics due to these factors impact nutrient cycling, plant growth, and stress tolerance. Understanding these complex plant–microbe dynamics is essential for developing climate-resilient agricultural practices and ensuring food security in the face of changing environmental conditions.