Metagenomics: Unveiling Microbial Communities Theme

Soil microbiome plays an important role and coordinates for efficient delivery of nutrients; these mighty creatures are also responsible for the recycling of nutrients in soil by their ability of decomposition and mineralization. The interaction of microbes and plant through host-pathogen interaction regulates the physiology of plants in overcoming the biotic and abiotic stresses. The diversity of microbial population impacts the agriculture ecosystem through various challenges from protective nature of crops to destructive nature as phytopathogenic pathogens. Microbial communication occurs through the signaling molecules which are secreted by pathogens; these chemical substances not only reveal themselves as signaling molecules but can also be exploited in the industrial way for the welfare of the human being. The study of microbial compounds through culture-dependent and culture-independent ways reveals the structural diversity, but the culture-dependent method is strenuous; the second method, i.e., complete genomic study of DNA of microbiome through metagenomic approach, reveals the microbial diversity of the population. This chapter discusses the diversification of microbiome population with possible structural and functional genomic investigation through culture-independent procedure also revealing the importance of metagenomics in industrial exploitation in revealing microbial theme for sustainable approaches in agriculture.