Intercropping has the advantage of fully utilizing light and water resources. This chapter mainly analyzes the effects of different field configurations and maize plant types on the light environment of intercropped system. The HHLA and ERCRT models are used to evaluate the light interception rate and light energy utilization rate in maize-soybean strip intercropping system. In addition, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of light and water utilization were analyzed in intercropping system. These results will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the optimized configuration and resource efficient utilization of maize-soybean strip intercropping.