In this chapter, three harvesting methods are proposed based on the maturity sequence of corn and soybeans in the strip intercropping system of corn and soybeans. These methods include harvesting corn first, harvesting soybeans first, and harvesting corn and soybeans simultaneously. At the same time, in response to the high loss rate and low efficiency of machine harvesting of corn and soybeans under the strip composite planting mode, key technologies, such as narrow-range anti-blocking, low-damage ear picking, lightweight cutting table, low-loss high-pass threshing, and efficient dual air duct combination cleaning, were tackled. The key devices developed include a lightweight narrow-width corn header, a single-action low-position soybean header, a low-loss high-efficiency threshing and cleaning device, and an HST full hydraulic track drive chassis. These key devices are ultimately integrated into the 4YZP-2D narrow-width crawler-type corn harvester, GY4D-2 soybean harvester, and a small-sized crawler-type combined harvester with a universal chassis. According to field trials, the grain loss rate of corn is 2.24% (≤3%), the cob loss rate is 3.37% (≤4%), and the husk stripping rate is 92.93% (≥85%). The grain breakage rate of soybeans is 1.81% (≤5%), the impurity rate is 2.02% (≤3%), and the loss rate is 0.52% (≤3%). The operational parameters of the machinery mentioned above are all better than the national standards. They have successfully achieved efficient and low-loss mechanized harvesting for the strip intercropping system of corn and soybeans.