The paper explores the relationship between contract farming and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The focus is on SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) (SDGs). Contract farming holds great potential to positively impact small and medium-scale farmers by providing economic opportunities, contributing to inclusive economic growth, and addressing the challenges of agricultural risks. This potential was recognized by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Their plan is to develop a framework for contract farming to boost the financial inclusion of farmers. However, contract farming also introduces challenges, primarily the inherent imbalance of bargaining power between small and medium-sized farmers and big buyers. This leads to the imposition of unfair trading practices (UTPs), which negatively affect the farmers and can hinder the realization of SDGs. The paper emphasizes the crucial role of regulating these challenges to achieve the outlined SDGs and proposes measures and recommendations to regulate UTPs. It highlights the importance of developing robust contract farming frameworks to achieve equitable agreements and farmers’ access to commercial justice and contract enforcement. The recommendations include establishing transparent contractual arrangements, promoting farmer education and empowerment, and implementing alternative dispute-resolution mechanisms.