Water pollution resulting from the discharge of heavy metal pollutants by industrialization and urbanization is a serious and emerging problem worldwide. Metals especially Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cu, which easily contaminate drinking water and surface water, are of serious concern. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate cost-effective sorbents derived from organic solid wastes for remediating heavy metals from wastewater. Here, we conducted a thorough analysis of various solid waste-based sorbents utilization, the biosorption mechanisms involved, and various factors such as pH, contact time, sorbent dose, temperature, and initial concentration of metals that affect removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The purpose of this chapter is mainly to study the use of cost-effective biosorbents as an environmentally feasible approach for the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater. Finally, this chapter highlights the application of low-cost agricultural waste as adsorbents to efficiently remove heavy metals from wastewater and will provide broad scientific opportunities for a thorough understanding of using various inexpensive and environmentally sustainable biosorbents to treat wastewater that contain heavy metals.