Phytoremediation is an environmental-friendly approach often utilized for the remediation of water and wastewater. Several approaches are used for the purpose including phytoextraction, phytoaccumulation, phytofilteration, phytodegradation, etc. for successful removal of the targeted contaminants. The process offers high uptake capacity and even mineralization of organic contaminants leading to a cost-effective way to purify our water resources through green routes. The current chapter is focused on highlighting various plants that have been extensively used for phytoremediation with special focus on removal of heavy metals and various agrochemicals that include pesticides, nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates. The effect of plants, contaminant type and concentration, uptake time, pH, water to wastewater ratio, etc. have been found to impact the removal capacity of the plants and the resulting accumulation in roots and translocation to other parts of the plants. In spite of being a slow and time-taking process, the value of this technique has risen over the years and several industrial scale applications have also been designed to ensure high efficacy of the process.