This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of electronic toll collection (ETC) and satellite-based tolling systems, aiming to evaluate their respective effectiveness, efficiency, and suitability for modern transportation infrastructure. The research examines key factors such as technology, infrastructure requirements, coverage, accuracy, privacy concerns, interoperability, cost, maintenance, reliability, and environmental impact. Satellite-based tolling in India offers multifaceted benefits. It enhances efficiency by reducing traffic congestion and travel time while promoting transparency in toll collection, curbing corruption, and ensuring accurate revenue collection. The system improves convenience through cashless transactions and boosts safety by minimizing the risk of accidents at toll plazas. Overall, satellite-based tolling streamlines transportation, fosters economic growth, and enhances the commuting experience for millions of Indians, marking a significant step toward modernizing the country’s infrastructure as a vision on Vikasit Bharat 2047. By comparing and contrasting these two toll collection methods, the study seeks to provide valuable insights for policymakers, transportation regulatory authorities, and stakeholders in the field of transportation management.