Production of Bioethanol and Biobutanol from Seaweed Biomass

The excellent higher calorific value and various combustion benefits like gasoline provide a strong potential for bioethanol and biobutanol as green fuel blends for drop-in fuels. Presently, the global interest in seaweed or macroalgae, as the likely wellspring of third-age biofuels is tremendously attracting attention. Seaweed has weak concentrations of lignin and other refractory components. Hence, enzymatic hydrolysis of the material is considered with imperceptible pretreatment. This chapter focuses on the potential of seaweeds for the production of bioethanol and biobutanol. Various aspects of the characteristics and properties of seaweeds, bioethanol, biobutanol and generation of biofuels have been covered to explore the potential of seawater for production of green fuel alternatives. Continued advancements in genetic engineering can lead to the development of microorganisms or enzymes that are more efficient in fermenting complex sugars present in third-generation feedstocks, improving yield and reducing processing costs. An in-detailed overview of different processes for cultivation, harvesting and pretreatment of seaweed biomass is provided. Various aspects of the fermentation process are also covered to produce bioethanol and biobutanol specifically from seaweed-derived sugars. In the last segment challenges, drawbacks, advantages, and future perspectives are also covered to provide a guide for the upcoming researchers.