Global food production systems have always benefited enormously from the application of scientific technologies. The fisheries and aquaculture industry reached its peak production of 223.2 million tons of aquatic animals and plants in 2022, valued at about 472 billion US dollars. The sector owes its progress to incorporating a plethora of technologies during the last century. The innovations in the capture fisheries sector broadly envisage the improved efficiency of fishing gear and craft, enhanced durability and safety of fishing vessels, and application of electronic monitoring, remote sensing, and underwater detection devices. At the same time, the aquaculture innovations are more diverse. They aim to improve the welfare and performance of culture species, manage the water quality, and build the resilience of the production systems. The post-production and final marketing processes of the sectors also benefited from innovations in fish processing, preservation, and building of solid marketing channels and logistics. However, some important constraints related to the intensive and unregulated use of technology in the industry affect its overall sustainability. This chapter discusses the major technological constraints associated with fisheries and aquaculture and suggests possible mitigation approaches to overcome these constraints.