Aquatic products are increasingly being recognized for their role in ensuring the food and nutritional security of the global masses. Among various farmed aquatic animals, shrimp is the important one considering its global demand and export potential. Despite the occasional setbacks, overall shrimp farming and international trade have been showing upward trends. Shrimp farming has been facing several challenges impacting the overall growth and potential of the industry. Among these challenges, increasing feed costs, declining global demand and prices, availability of quality specific pathogen-free (SPF) broodstock, and frequent outbreaks of severe diseases are the major ones. The shrimp industry has been reeling under the impact of frequent outbreaks of severe viral diseases. Several shrimp viral diseases have been included in the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) “listed diseases” and “emerging diseases” categories. This book chapter details the criteria for the inclusion of diseases in WOAH lists. Besides, providing the overview of WOAH-listed shrimp viral diseases, this chapter provides detailed insights into the pathology, host range, geographical distribution, and diagnosis of emerging shrimp viruses such as decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) and covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV). Practices for the prevention and management of viral diseases in shrimp farming have also been described.