Detection of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Systematic Review

The Eyes are highly developed sensory organ of human body. In fact, major part of brain is dedicated to the functions of eyesight than those of other sensory organs. According to WHO almost 285 million people are visually impaired (Khan et al. Hindawi Comput Intell Neurosci 2022, [1]). Approximately 8.7% of visual impairment is caused by ARMD (Khan et al. Hindawi Comput Intell Neurosci 2022, [1]). Retinal images have achieved a vital role in detection and diagnosis of various eye diseases like DR, Macular hole, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Cataract, Glaucoma etc. These diseases are primary cause of blindness and vision impairment in India. These diseases can cause severe conditions like blurred vision, vision loss or photophobia. Ocular diseases symptoms are not shown in early stage and they are not diagnosed till advanced stage. Age-related macular degeneration is the popular eye disease that mostly affects the elderly population having age above 50 years. ARMD is responsible for blurring the central vision of an individual. Many eye abnormalities are prominently visible in retina than any other part of the human eye. Growing number of retinal disease patient, hospital expenses and shortage in no. of ophthalmologists are barriers to attain recommended screening in the patients who are at the risk of retinal diseases.