SME from Acacia sengal, Acacia seyal, and Acacia polyacantha gums, also known as the Acacia gums (AGs), exhibit various biological applications. This chapter explored the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular protective, hepatoprotective, wound-healing, pain-relief, anti-aging, antiviral, anti-obesity, and antifungal properties of these metabolites. Gums contain diverse bioactive compounds including glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, arabic acid, polyphenols, hydrocarbons, phenolic acids, and fatty acids. These compounds exert antimicrobial effects through metabolic perturbations by targeting specific cellular pathways or structures within microbial cells. SME biosynthesis involves biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and complex hierarchical regulatory networks, which are influenced by environmental factors and beneficial microbes associated with the plant. Studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of AGs against various bacteria and fungi, highlighting their potential as natural antimicrobial agents. This chapter emphasizes the promising potential of SME extracted from AGs in improving human health and well-being, discussing their roles in treating chronic diseases, enhancing healing, and extending health. Future research directions and the potential of these metabolites in medical applications are also addressed, underscoring the significance of these AGs in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and ecology.