Physical Activity and Anti-aging: Nutrients That Enhance the Anti-aging Effects of Exercise

Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies conducted so far have shown that high levels of daily physical activity and regular exercise training improve various physiological functions and metabolic indicators, and also reduce the risk of various chronic diseases and premature death, contributing to anti-aging. On the other hand, these beneficial effects of exercise are not necessarily fully recognized if nutrient intake is not appropriate. The anti-aging effects of exercise are also manifested under conditions where appropriate nutritional conditions are met, and considering the deep complementary relationship between exercise and nutrition for health, the combined effect of nutrient intake is expected to further enhance the anti-aging effects of exercise (Table 88.1). In this section, we will overview the evidence on nutrients and dietary methods that have been examined from this perspective, including proteins and amino acids, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, ketogenic diet, and medium-chain fatty acids.