The content of “Number and Algebra” in Chinese and British junior middle school mathematics textbooks has been studied in terms of overall arrangement and content difficulty based on the framework of the study, and the following suggestions for the compilation of mathematics textbooks in China through the comparative study have been given: focus on the spiral of knowledge and show the system of mathematics; set up a variety of problem situations and improve the quality of illustration and narration; optimize the background of examples and exercises, and pay attention to quantity and stratification; emphasize comprehension and expression, and give full play to the function of “reading, doing and learning”.